/* WAVES Lab site — design system
   Editorial-technical: Fraunces display serif, IBM Plex Sans body, IBM Plex Mono meta.
   Deep-navy ink + signal-teal accent on warm paper; wave motif throughout. */

:root {
  --navy: #13294b;
  --navy-soft: #1e3a66;
  --teal: #0f8b8d;
  --teal-dark: #0b6b6d;
  --paper: #f7f5f0;
  --plate: #f3f0e9;
  --card: #ffffff;
  --line: #e5e0d4;
  --ink: #23304a;
  --muted: #6e7686;
  --award-bg: #fdf3e2;
  --award-ink: #8a5a12;
}

html {
  background-color: #13294b;
}

body {
  padding-top: 60px;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Sans", Arial, sans-serif;
  background-color: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  display: flex;
  min-height: 100vh;
  flex-direction: column;
}

main {
  flex: 1 0 auto;
}

h1, h4 {
  font-family: "Gentium Plus", Georgia, serif;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 600;
  display: block;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 34px;
}

h4 {
  font-size: 23px;
}

/* Wave underline for page titles */
h1.wave-title {
  display: inline-block;
  padding-bottom: 11px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  background: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24' height='10' viewBox='0 0 24 10'%3E%3Cpath d='M-12 5 Q -6 1 0 5 T 12 5 T 24 5 T 36 5' fill='none' stroke='%230f8b8d' stroke-width='2.5'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") repeat-x left bottom;
  background-size: 24px 10px;
}

.bg-penn-blue {
  background-color: var(--navy);
}

.navbar {
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.navbar-brand {
  font-family: "Gentium Plus", Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.brand-icon {
  height: 1.28em;
  width: auto;
  margin-right: 8px;
  vertical-align: -7px;
}

.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .active > .nav-link {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.title {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.highlight {
  color: var(--teal-dark);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.section {
  padding-bottom: 10px;
}

/* Card sections: white cards with hairline border on warm paper */
.card-section {
  background: var(--card);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding-top: 16px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

a:link, a:visited {
  color: var(--teal-dark);
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--teal);
}

span.author,
span.author a:link,
span.author a:visited {
  color: #77797f;
}

span.author-me {
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* WAVES acronym accent letters */
.waves-accent {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--teal-dark);
}

/* ============ Hero (home): clean split ============ */
.hero2 {
  padding: 30px 0 26px;
}

.hero-title {
  font-family: "Gentium Plus", Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 72px;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.hero-logo {
  display: inline-block;
  height: 100px;
  width: 155px;
  background-color: var(--navy);
  -webkit-mask: url("/assets/img/waves-logo.png") no-repeat center / contain;
  mask: url("/assets/img/waves-logo.png") no-repeat center / contain;
  margin-right: 16px;
  vertical-align: -13px;
}

.hero-sub {
  font-size: 18.5px;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  max-width: 34em;
}

.hero-photo {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  display: block;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(19, 41, 75, 0.12);
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .hero2 {
    padding: 34px 0 12px;
  }
  .hero-title {
    font-size: 42px;
  }
  .hero-photo {
    margin-top: 22px;
  }
}

/* ============ Publication components ============ */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .pub-item .col-md-3 img {
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
  }
}

/* White plates everywhere: thumbnails with white backgrounds must blend in seamlessly */
.pub-item {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.pub-item:hover {
  border-color: rgba(15, 139, 141, 0.4);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(19, 41, 75, 0.08);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.pub-item img {
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.pub-controls {
  margin: 8px 0 20px;
}

.pub-viewbar {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.pub-view {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  padding: 2px 0;
  margin-right: 20px;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  cursor: pointer;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
}

.pub-view:hover {
  color: var(--teal-dark);
}

.pub-view.active {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 500;
  border-bottom-color: var(--teal);
}

.pub-view:focus,
.pub-chip:focus {
  outline: none;
}

.pub-filterrow {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.pub-axis {
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 92px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pub-chip {
  background: none;
  border: 1px solid #d5cfc1;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 2px 12px;
  margin: 0 5px 6px 0;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--ink);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 0.15s ease, background-color 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease;
}

.pub-chip:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal);
  color: var(--teal-dark);
}

a.pub-chip,
a.pub-chip:link,
a.pub-chip:visited {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a.pub-chip:hover {
  color: var(--teal-dark);
}

.pub-chip.active {
  background-color: var(--navy);
  border-color: var(--navy);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.pub-accent {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--teal-dark);
}

.pub-chip.active .pub-accent {
  color: #7fd4d6;
}

.pub-link,
.pub-link:link,
.pub-link:visited {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--card);
  border: 1px solid #d5cfc1;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 0 10px;
  margin: 3px 4px 1px 0;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--teal-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.pub-link:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal);
  color: var(--teal);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.pub-award {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--award-bg);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 0 10px;
  margin: 3px 4px 1px 0;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--award-ink);
}

.pub-year-header {
  font-family: "Gentium Plus", Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 19px;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin: 6px 0 12px;
}

.pub-note {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  margin-top: 4px;
}

/* Venue tag: conference name shown in the open */
.venue {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  color: var(--teal-dark);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

/* ============ Research topic sections ============ */
.topic-blurb {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

/* ============ News ============ */
.news-date {
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--teal-dark);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.news-list li {
  margin-bottom: 9px;
}

/* ============ Team ============ */
.member-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 20px 16px;
  margin: 6px 0 10px;
}

.member {
  width: 186px;
  text-align: center;
}

.member-photo {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
  border-radius: 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  display: block;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.member:hover .member-photo {
  border-color: var(--teal);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(19, 41, 75, 0.12);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.member-name {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-top: 9px;
}

.member-name a,
.member-name a:link,
.member-name a:visited {
  color: var(--navy);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.member-name a:hover {
  color: var(--teal-dark);
}

.member-info {
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 1px;
}

.member-links {
  font-size: 13px;
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.member-links a {
  margin: 0 4px;
}

@media (max-width: 575px) {
  .member {
    width: calc(50% - 8px);
  }
}

.alumni-item {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.alumni-name {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.alumni-destination {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-style: italic;
}

/* ============ Footer ============ */
.footer-wave {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 52px;
  margin-top: 26px;
}

.footer {
  background-color: var(--navy);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  padding: 20px 0 14px;
  font-size: 14px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.footer a:link,
.footer a:visited {
  color: #9fdedf;
}

.footer a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.footer-logos img {
  max-width: 190px;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

/* ============ Refinement pass ============ */

::selection {
  background: rgba(15, 139, 141, 0.22);
}

/* Nav links: teal underline slides in */
.navbar-nav .nav-link {
  position: relative;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0.5rem;
  right: 0.5rem;
  bottom: 1px;
  height: 2px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: var(--teal);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover::after,
.navbar-nav .active > .nav-link::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

/* Hero: orchestrated entrance */
@keyframes rise {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(14px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

@keyframes fade {
  from { opacity: 0; }
  to   { opacity: 1; }
}

.hero-title { animation: rise 0.6s ease 0.05s both; }
.hero-sub   { animation: rise 0.6s ease 0.16s both; }
.hero-photo { animation: rise 0.7s ease 0.28s both; }

/* Signal traveling along the hero wave line */
.signal-line {
  stroke-dasharray: 10 16;
  animation: signal 16s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes signal {
  to { stroke-dashoffset: -520; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .hero-title, .hero-sub, .hero-photo {
    animation: none;
  }
  .signal-line {
    animation: none;
  }
  .pub-item, .member-card, .topic-tile, .member-photo {
    transition: none;
  }
}

/* Home: research topic tiles */
.topic-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(230px, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 8px 0 16px;
}

.topic-tile,
.topic-tile:link,
.topic-tile:visited {
  display: block;
  background: var(--plate);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.topic-tile:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(19, 41, 75, 0.08);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.topic-num {
  display: block;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--teal-dark);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.topic-name {
  display: block;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.topic-desc {
  display: block;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* News: aligned date column */
.news-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.news-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 102px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.news-list .news-date {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 2px;
}

@media (max-width: 575px) {
  .news-list li {
    padding-left: 0;
  }
  .news-list .news-date {
    position: static;
    display: block;
  }
}

/* Team link capsules */
.member-links .pub-link {
  font-size: 12.5px;
  padding: 0 9px;
  margin: 3px 2px 0;
}

.member-links .pub-link .bi {
  font-size: 11.5px;
}

/* TL;DR badge on research project cards */
.tldr {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono", monospace;
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--teal-dark);
  margin-right: 5px;
}

/* Publications: plain list without thumbnails */
.pub-plain .pub-item {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 4px 0 12px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  transition: none;
}

.pub-plain .pub-item:hover {
  box-shadow: none;
  transform: none;
}

.pub-plain .pub-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.pub-plain .col-md-3 {
  display: none;
}

.pub-plain .col-md-9 {
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
}

/* Footer columns align to their shared bottom edge */
.footer .row {
  align-items: flex-end;
}

.footer p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Header wave: mirrors the footer wave; 300px of navy headroom tucks up
   behind the fixed navbar so overscroll and odd navbar heights never show a gap */
.header-wave {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 334px;
  margin-top: -292px;
}


/* Visit map: our own place card covers Google's default one */
.map-wrap {
  position: relative;
}

.map-card {
  position: absolute;
  top: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  width: 330px;
  min-height: 100px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
  padding: 12px 16px;
}

.map-card-name {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: #202124;
}

.map-card-addr {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: #5f6368;
  margin: 2px 0 8px;
}

.map-card-link {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  margin-right: 14px;
}

@media (max-width: 575px) {
  .map-card {
    width: calc(100% - 20px);
  }
}

/* Research topic jump bar; anchored headings clear the fixed navbar */
.topic-jump {
  margin: 2px 0 18px;
}

h4[id] {
  scroll-margin-top: 76px;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Solid chip: primary call-to-action (Learn more) */
a.pub-chip-solid,
a.pub-chip-solid:link,
a.pub-chip-solid:visited {
  background-color: var(--navy);
  border-color: var(--navy);
  color: #ffffff;
}

a.pub-chip-solid:hover {
  background-color: var(--teal-dark);
  border-color: var(--teal-dark);
  color: #ffffff;
}

/* Research cards: Learn-more pinned to the top-right corner */
.project-item {
  position: relative;
}



/* Research jump tiles: all five on one line */
.topic-grid.topic-jump {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
  gap: 10px;
}

.topic-jump .topic-tile {
  padding: 10px 13px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--line);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(19, 41, 75, 0.05);
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .topic-grid.topic-jump {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

/* ============ Home page variant components ============ */
.feature-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .feature-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

.feature-card,
.feature-card:link,
.feature-card:visited {
  display: block;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 10px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.feature-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(19, 41, 75, 0.1);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.feature-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 170px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  border-radius: 0;
}

.feature-body {
  padding: 12px 14px 13px;
}

.feature-title {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.feature-sub {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.cta-band {
  background: var(--navy);
  border-radius: 14px;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 20px 26px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.cta-band-text {
  font-size: 16.5px;
  margin: 0;
}

a.cta-chip,
a.cta-chip:link,
a.cta-chip:visited {
  display: inline-block;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 5px 18px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a.cta-chip:hover {
  background: #7fd4d6;
  color: var(--navy);
}

/* Variant B: stacked topic list + award strip */
.topic-stack .topic-tile {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.award-strip {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}

/* Variant C: topic rows with thumbnails */
.topic-row,
.topic-row:link,
.topic-row:visited {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, box-shadow 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}

.topic-row:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(19, 41, 75, 0.08);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.topic-row img {
  width: 86px;
  height: 64px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 6px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.topic-row .topic-name {
  margin-bottom: 1px;
}

/* Home videos block */
.video-cell {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.video-title {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy);
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 15px;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.embed-responsive {
  border-radius: 10px;
}